You are evidently mistaken about the situation in Russia. Liberal landowners, liberal professors, liberal writers, lull you with hopes in the progressive aims of our Government … You must not forget even for a moment that Alexander II will show his teeth, as Nicholas I did. Don’t be taken in by gossip about our progress. We are exactly where we were before … Don’t be taken in by hope, and don’t take in others … No, our position is horrible, unbearable, and only the peasants’ axes can save us. Nothing apart from these axes is of any use. You have already been told this, it seems, and it is extraordinarily true. There is no other means of salvation. You did everything possible to help a peaceful solution of the problem, but now you are changing your tune. Let your “bell” sound not for prayer but for the charge. Summon Russia to arms.

A letter to Herzen, of anonymous authorship, but expressing the views of Chernyshevsky and his friend, N.A. Dobrolyubov, clearly put forward the call for a peasant uprising.

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Being a liberal does not mean you’re progressive.